Logrotate를 설정하는 방법

Logrotate를 설정하는 방법

logrotate의 기본적인 설정은 매일 새벽 3시에 실행되도록 되어 있습니다. 이는 대부분의 경우, 시스템 사용량이 가장 적은 시간대이기 때문입니다.

 

logrotate는 로그 파일을 회전시켜서 로그 파일의 크기나 날짜에 따라 새로운 파일을 생성하고 이전 파일을 삭제하는 등의 작업을 수행합니다. 이 작업은 일반적으로 시스템의 디스크 I/O나 CPU 자원을 많이 사용하기 때문에, 시스템 사용량이 가장 적은 새벽 시간대에 실행되는 것이 좋습니다.

 

그러나, 이는 logrotate의 기본 설정이며 사용자가 직접 설정을 변경하여 로테이션 시간을 조정할 수도 있습니다. 적절한 시간대를 설정하여 로그를 회전시키는 것이 시스템의 부하를 줄일 수 있습니다. 단, 로그 파일이 지나치게 커서 로그 로테이션에 오랜 시간이 걸릴 경우, 시스템 사용량이 가장 적은 시간대가 아니더라도 적절한 로그 로테이션 주기를 유지하는 것이 좋습니다.

logrotate 명령어

• force

logrotate -f /etc/logrotate.conf

• debug mode

logrotate -d /etc/logrotate.conf

• verbose

logrotate -v /etc/logrotate.conf

logrotate 실행

crond(cron.daily) 데몬이 logrotate 호출한다.

• logrotate

cat /etc/cron.daily/logrotate

$ cat /etc/cron.daily/logrotate
#!/bin/sh

/usr/sbin/logrotate -s /var/lib/logrotate/logrotate.status /etc/logrotate.conf
EXITVALUE=$?
if [ $EXITVALUE != 0 ]; then
    /usr/bin/logger -t logrotate "ALERT exited abnormally with [$EXITVALUE]"
fi
exit 0

• logrotate.conf

cat /etc/logrotate.conf

$ cat /etc/logrotate.conf
# see "man logrotate" for details
# rotate log files weekly
weekly

# keep 4 weeks worth of backlogs
rotate 4

# create new (empty) log files after rotating old ones
create

# use date as a suffix of the rotated file
dateext

# uncomment this if you want your log files compressed
#compress

# RPM packages drop log rotation information into this directory
include /etc/logrotate.d

# no packages own wtmp and btmp -- we'll rotate them here
/var/log/wtmp {
    monthly
    create 0664 root utmp
	minsize 1M
    rotate 1
}

/var/log/btmp {
    missingok
    monthly
    create 0600 root utmp
    rotate 1
}

# system-specific logs may be also be configured here.

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logrotate 실행 결과 확인(logrotate.status)

cat /var/lib/logrotate/logrotate.status

$ cat /var/lib/logrotate/logrotate.status
logrotate state -- version 2
"/var/log/yum.log" 2020-8-14-10:0:0
"/var/log/boot.log" 2020-9-4-3:29:1
"/var/log/chrony/*.log" 2020-8-14-10:0:0
"/var/log/wtmp" 2020-8-14-10:0:0
"/var/log/spooler" 2020-8-30-3:15:1
"/var/log/btmp" 2020-9-1-3:37:1
"/var/log/maillog" 2020-8-30-3:15:1
"/var/log/secure" 2020-8-30-3:15:1
"/var/log/messages" 2020-8-30-3:15:1
"/var/account/pacct" 2020-8-14-10:0:0
"/var/log/cron" 2020-8-30-3:15:1

내가 쓰는 명령어

logrotate /etc/logrotate.d/nginx --state /var/lib/logrotate/logrotate.status --verbose --force

logrotate 사용법

logrotate man page

LOGROTATE(8)                                                  System Administrator's Manual                                                 LOGROTATE(8)



NAME
       logrotate ‐ rotates, compresses, and mails system logs

SYNOPSIS
       logrotate [-dv] [-f|--force] [-s|--state file] config_file ..

DESCRIPTION
       logrotate  is  designed  to  ease administration of systems that generate large numbers of log files.  It allows automatic rotation, compression,
       removal, and mailing of log files.  Each log file may be handled daily, weekly, monthly, or when it grows too large.

       Normally, logrotate is run as a daily cron job.  It will not modify a log multiple times in one day unless the criterion for that log is based on
       the log's size and logrotate is being run multiple times each day, or unless the -f or --force option is used.

       Any  number of config files may be given on the command line. Later config files may override the options given in earlier files, so the order in
       which the logrotate config files are listed is important.  Normally, a single config file which includes any other config files which are  needed
       should  be  used.  See below for more information on how to use the include directive to accomplish this.  If a directory is given on the command
       line, every file in that directory is used as a config file.

       If no command line arguments are given, logrotate will print version and copyright information, along with a short usage summary.  If any  errors
       occur while rotating logs, logrotate will exit with non-zero status.


OPTIONS
       -?, --help
              Prints help message.


       -d, --debug
              Turns on debug mode and implies -v.  In debug mode, no changes will be made to the logs or to the logrotate state file.


       -f, --force
              Tells logrotate to force the rotation, even if it doesn't think this is necessary.  Sometimes this is useful after adding new entries to a
              logrotate config file, or if old log files have been removed by hand, as the new files will be created, and  logging  will  continue  cor‐
              rectly.


       -m, --mail <command>
              Tells  logrotate  which  command to use when mailing logs. This command should accept two arguments: 1) the subject of the message, and 2)
              the recipient. The command must then read a message on standard input and mail it to the recipient. The default mail command is  /bin/mail
              -s.


       -s, --state <statefile>
              Tells  logrotate  to  use  an  alternate state file.  This is useful if logrotate is being run as a different user for various sets of log
              files.  The default state file is /var/lib/logrotate/logrotate.status.


       --usage
              Prints a short usage message.


       +-v, --verbose
              Turns on verbose mode.


CONFIGURATION FILE
       logrotate reads everything about the log files it should be handling from the series of configuration files specified on the command line.   Each
       configuration  file can set global options (local definitions override global ones, and later definitions override earlier ones) and specify log‐
       files to rotate. A simple configuration file looks like this:

       # sample logrotate configuration file
       compress

       /var/log/messages {
           rotate 5
           weekly
           postrotate
               /usr/bin/killall -HUP syslogd
           endscript
       }

       "/var/log/httpd/access.log" /var/log/httpd/error.log {
           rotate 5
           mail www@my.org
           size 100k
           sharedscripts
           postrotate
               /usr/bin/killall -HUP httpd
           endscript
       }

       /var/log/news/* {
           monthly
           rotate 2
           olddir /var/log/news/old
           missingok
           postrotate
               kill -HUP `cat /var/run/inn.pid`
           endscript
           nocompress
       }

       ~/log/*.log {}



       The first few lines set global options; in the example, logs are compressed after they are rotated.  Note that comments may  appear  anywhere  in
       the config file as long as the first non-whitespace character on the line is a #.

       The  next  section of the config files defined how to handle the log file /var/log/messages. The log will go through five weekly rotations before
       being removed. After the log file has been rotated (but before the old version of the log has been compressed), the  command  /sbin/killall  -HUP
       syslogd will be executed.

       The next section defines the parameters for both /var/log/httpd/access.log and /var/log/httpd/error.log.  They are rotated whenever it grows over
       100k in size, and the old logs files are mailed (uncompressed) to www@my.org after going through 5 rotations,  rather  than  being  removed.  The
       sharedscripts  means  that  the postrotate script will only be run once (after the old logs have been compressed), not once for each log which is
       rotated. Note that the double quotes around the first filename at the beginning of this section allows logrotate to rotate logs  with  spaces  in
       the name. Normal shell quoting rules apply, with ', ", and \ characters supported.

       The  next  section  defines  the parameters for all of the files in /var/log/news. Each file is rotated on a monthly basis.  This is considered a
       single rotation directive and if errors occur for more than one file, the log files are not compressed.

       The last section uses tilde expansion to rotate log files in the home directory of the current user. This is only available, if your glob library
       supports tilde expansion. GNU glob does support this.

       Please  use  wildcards with caution.  If you specify *, logrotate will rotate all files, including previously rotated ones.  A way around this is
       to use the olddir directive or a more exact wildcard (such as *.log).

       Here is more information on the directives which may be included in a logrotate configuration file:


       compress
              Old versions of log files are compressed with gzip(1) by default. See also nocompress.


       compresscmd
              Specifies which command to use to compress log files.  The default is gzip.  See also compress.


       uncompresscmd
              Specifies which command to use to uncompress log files.  The default is gunzip.


       compressext
              Specifies which extension to use on compressed logfiles, if compression is enabled.  The default follows that of the  configured  compres‐
              sion command.


       compressoptions
              Command  line  options may be passed to the compression program, if one is in use.  The default, for gzip(1), is "-6" (biased towards high
              compression at the expense of speed).  If you use a different compression command, you may need to change the compressoptions to match.



       copy   Make a copy of the log file, but don't change the original at all.  This option can be used, for instance, to make a snapshot of the  cur‐
              rent  log  file, or when some other utility needs to truncate or parse the file.  When this option is used, the create option will have no
              effect, as the old log file stays in place.


       copytruncate
              Truncate the original log file in place after creating a copy, instead of moving the old log file and optionally creating a new  one.   It
              can  be  used  when  some program cannot be told to close its logfile and thus might continue writing (appending) to the previous log file
              forever.  Note that there is a very small time slice between copying the file and truncating it, so some logging data might be lost.  When
              this option is used, the create option will have no effect, as the old log file stays in place.


       create mode owner group, create owner group
              Immediately  after  rotation  (before  the  postrotate  script  is  run)  the log file is created (with the same name as the log file just
              rotated).  mode specifies the mode for the log file in octal (the same as chmod(2)), owner specifies the user name who will  own  the  log
              file,  and  group  specifies  the  group  the  log file will belong to. Any of the log file attributes may be omitted, in which case those
              attributes for the new file will use the same values as the original log file for the omitted attributes.  This  option  can  be  disabled
              using the nocreate option.


       createolddir mode owner group
              If  the  directory  specified by olddir directive does not exist, it is created. mode specifies the mode for the olddir directory in octal
              (the same as chmod(2)), owner specifies the user name who will own the olddir directory, and group specifies the group the  olddir  direc‐
              tory will belong to. This option can be disabled using the nocreateolddir option.



       daily  Log files are rotated every day.


       dateext
              Archive old versions of log files adding a date extension like YYYYMMDD instead of simply adding a number. The extension may be configured
              using the dateformat and dateyesterday options.


       dateformat format_string
              Specify the extension for dateext using the notation similar to strftime(3) function. Only %Y %m %d %H and %s specifiers are allowed.  The
              default  value is -%Y%m%d except hourly, which uses -%Y%m%d%H as default value.  Note that also the character separating log name from the
              extension is part of the dateformat string. The system clock must be set past Sep 9th 2001 for %s to work correctly.  Note that the  date‐
              stamps generated by this format must be lexically sortable (i.e., first the year, then the month then the day. e.g., 2001/12/01 is ok, but
              01/12/2001 is not, since 01/11/2002 would sort lower while it is later).  This is because when using the rotate  option,  logrotate  sorts
              all rotated filenames to find out which logfiles are older and should be removed.


       dateyesterday
              Use  yesterday's  instead of today's date to create the dateext extension, so that the rotated log file has a date in its name that is the
              same as the timestamps within it.


       delaycompress
              Postpone compression of the previous log file to the next rotation cycle.  This only has effect when used in  combination  with  compress.
              It  can  be  used  when some program cannot be told to close its logfile and thus might continue writing to the previous log file for some
              time.


       extension ext
              Log files with ext extension can keep it after the rotation.  If compression  is  used,  the compression extension (normally .gz)  appears
              after ext. For example you have a logfile named mylog.foo and want to rotate it to mylog.1.foo.gz instead of mylog.foo.1.gz.


       hourly Log files are rotated every hour. Note that usually logrotate is configured to be run by cron daily. You have to change this configuration
              and run logrotate hourly to be able to really rotate logs hourly.


       ifempty
              Rotate the log file even if it is empty, overriding the notifempty option (ifempty is the default).


       include file_or_directory
              Reads the file given as an argument as if it was included inline where the include directive appears. If a directory is given, most of the
              files  in  that directory are read in alphabetic order before processing of the including file continues. The only files which are ignored
              are files which are not regular files (such as directories and named pipes) and files whose names end with one of the taboo extensions, as
              specified by the tabooext directive.


       mail address
              When  a log is rotated out-of-existence, it is mailed to address. If no mail should be generated by a particular log, the nomail directive
              may be used.


       mailfirst
              When using the mail command, mail the just-rotated file, instead of the about-to-expire file.


       maillast
              When using the mail command, mail the about-to-expire file, instead of the just-rotated file (this is the default).


       maxage count
              Remove rotated logs older than <count> days. The age is only checked if the logfile is to be rotated. The files are mailed to the  config‐
              ured address if maillast and mail are configured.


       maxsize size
              Log  files are rotated when they grow bigger than size bytes even before the additionally specified time interval (daily, weekly, monthly,
              or yearly).  The related size option is similar except that it is mutually exclusive with the time interval options,  and  it  causes  log
              files  to  be rotated without regard for the last rotation time.  When maxsize is used, both the size and timestamp of a log file are con‐
              sidered.


       minsize  size
              Log files are rotated when they grow bigger than size bytes, but not before the  additionally  specified  time  interval  (daily,  weekly,
              monthly,  or  yearly).   The  related  size  option is similar except that it is mutually exclusive with the time interval options, and it
              causes log files to be rotated without regard for the last rotation time.  When minsize is used, both the size and timestamp of a log file
              are considered.


       missingok
              If the log file is missing, go on to the next one without issuing an error message. See also nomissingok.


       monthly
              Log files are rotated the first time logrotate is run in a month (this is normally on the first day of the month).


       nocompress
              Old versions of log files are not compressed. See also compress.


       nocopy Do not copy the original log file and leave it in place.  (this overrides the copy option).


       nocopytruncate
              Do not truncate the original log file in place after creating a copy (this overrides the copytruncate option).


       nocreate
              New log files are not created (this overrides the create option).


       nocreateolddir
              olddir directory is not created by logrotate when it does not exist.


       nodelaycompress
              Do not postpone compression of the previous log file to the next rotation cycle (this overrides the delaycompress option).


       nodateext
              Do not archive  old versions of log files with date extension (this overrides the dateext option).


       nomail Don't mail old log files to any address.


       nomissingok
              If a log file does not exist, issue an error. This is the default.


       noolddir
              Logs are rotated in the same directory the log normally resides in (this overrides the olddir option).


       nosharedscripts
              Run  prerotate  and  postrotate scripts for every log file which is rotated (this is the default, and overrides the sharedscripts option).
              The absolute path to the log file is passed as first argument to the script. If the scripts exit with error, the  remaining  actions  will
              not be executed for the affected log only.


       noshred
              Do not use shred when deleting old log files. See also shred.


       notifempty
              Do not rotate the log if it is empty (this overrides the ifempty option).


       olddir directory
              Logs  are moved into directory for rotation. The directory must be on the same physical device as the log file being rotated, unless copy,
              copytruncate or renamecopy option is used. The directory is assumed to be relative to the directory holding the log file unless  an  abso‐
              lute  path  name is specified. When this option is used all old versions of the log end up in directory.  This option may be overridden by
              the noolddir option.


       postrotate/endscript
              The lines between postrotate and endscript (both of which must appear on lines by themselves) are executed (using /bin/sh) after  the  log
              file  is  rotated. These directives may only appear inside a log file definition. Normally, the absolute path to the log file is passed as
              first argument to the script. If sharedscripts is specified, whole pattern is passed to the script.  See also prerotate. See sharedscripts
              and nosharedscripts for error handling.


       prerotate/endscript
              The  lines  between prerotate and endscript (both of which must appear on lines by themselves) are executed (using /bin/sh) before the log
              file is rotated and only if the log will actually be rotated. These directives may only appear inside a log file definition. Normally, the
              absolute  path  to the log file is passed as first argument to the script.  If  sharedscripts is specified, whole pattern is passed to the
              script.  See also postrotate.  See sharedscripts and nosharedscripts for error handling.


       firstaction/endscript
              The lines between firstaction and endscript (both of which must appear on lines by themselves) are executed (using  /bin/sh)  once  before
              all  log files that match the wildcarded pattern are rotated, before prerotate script is run and only if at least one log will actually be
              rotated.  These directives may only appear inside a log file definition. Whole pattern is passed to the script as first argument.  If  the
              script exits with error, no further processing is done. See also lastaction.


       lastaction/endscript
              The  lines between lastaction and endscript (both of which must appear on lines by themselves) are executed (using /bin/sh) once after all
              log files that match the wildcarded pattern are rotated, after postrotate script is run and only if at least one  log  is  rotated.  These
              directives may only appear inside a log file definition. Whole pattern is passed to the script as first argument. If the script exits with
              error, just an error message is shown (as this is the last action). See also firstaction.


       preremove/endscript
              The lines between preremove and endscript (both of which must appear on lines by themselves) are executed (using /bin/sh) once just before
              removal of a log file.  The logrotate will pass the name of file which is soon to be removed. See also firstaction.


       rotate count
              Log files are rotated count times before being removed or mailed to the address specified in a mail directive. If count is 0, old versions
              are removed rather than rotated.


       size size
              Log files are rotated only if they grow bigger then size bytes. If size is followed by k, the size is assumed to be in kilobytes.  If  the
              M  is  used, the size is in megabytes, and if G is used, the size is in gigabytes. So size 100, size 100k, size 100M and size 100G are all
              valid.


       sharedscripts
              Normally, prerotate and postrotate scripts are run for each log which is rotated and the absolute path to the log file is passed as  first
              argument  to the script. That means a single script may be run multiple times for log file entries which match multiple files (such as the
              /var/log/news/* example). If sharedscripts is specified, the scripts are only run once, no matter how many logs match the wildcarded  pat‐
              tern,  and  whole pattern is passed to them.  However, if none of the logs in the pattern require rotating, the scripts will not be run at
              all. If the scripts exit with error, the remaining actions will not be executed for any logs. This option  overrides  the  nosharedscripts
              option and implies create option.


       shred  Delete  log  files using shred -u instead of unlink().  This should ensure that logs are not readable after their scheduled deletion; this
              is off by default.  See also noshred.


       shredcycles count
              Asks GNU shred(1) to overwrite log files count times before deletion.  Without this option, shred's default will be used.


       start count
              This is the number to use as the base for rotation. For example, if you specify 0, the logs will be created with a .0  extension  as  they
              are  rotated  from  the  original  log  files.   If you specify 9, log files will be created with a .9, skipping 0-8.  Files will still be
              rotated the number of times specified with the rotate directive.


       su user group
              Rotate log files set under this user and group instead of using default user/group (usually root). user specifies the user name  used  for
              rotation and group specifies the group used for rotation.


       tabooext [+] list
              The  current taboo extension list is changed (see the include directive for information on the taboo extensions). If a + precedes the list
              of extensions, the current taboo extension list is augmented, otherwise it is replaced. At startup,  the  taboo  extension  list  contains
              .rpmsave,  .rpmorig,  ~,  .disabled,  .dpkg-old,  .dpkg-dist, .dpkg-new, .cfsaved, .ucf-old, .ucf-dist, .ucf-new, .rpmnew, .swp, .cfsaved,
              .rhn-cfg-tmp-*


       weekly [weekday]
              Log files are rotated once each weekday, or if the date is advanced by at least 7 days since the last rotation (while ignoring  the  exact
              time).   The  weekday intepretation is following:  0 means Sunday, 1 means Monday, ..., 6 means Saturday; the special value 7 means each 7
              days, irrespectively of weekday.  Defaults to 0 if the weekday argument is omitted.


       yearly Log files are rotated if the current year is not the same as the last rotation.


FILES
       /var/lib/logrotate/logrotate.status
                                  Default state file.
       /etc/logrotate.conf        Configuration options.

SEE ALSO
       gzip(1)

       <https://github.com/logrotate/logrotate>

AUTHORS
       Erik Troan, Preston Brown, Jan Kaluza.

       <https://github.com/logrotate/logrotate>




Linux                                                                Wed Nov 5 2002                                                         LOGROTATE(8)

logrotate 매일 자정(00시 00분)에 실행하기

crontab -e

0 0 * * *	/usr/sbin/logrotate /etc/logrotate.conf

 

참고URL

- Apache 로그 logrotate(로테이드) 설정 : https://scbyun.com/880