[draft] 우분투에서 Samba 서버를 설정하고 구성하는 방법

우분투에서 Samba 서버를 설정하고 구성하는 방법

테스트 환경

$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS
Release:        22.04
Codename:       jammy

구성도

출처-https://miro.medium.com/max/640/1*PZkA10B54XmsfRqbUVl91A.webp

Samba 서버 설치

Samba 설치

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install -y samba

Samba 버전 정보 확인

samba --version

$ samba --version
Version 4.15.9-Ubuntu

Samba 설정 파일 확인

Samba의 주 설정 파일은 /etc/samba/smb.conf입니다.

sudo cat /etc/samba/smb.conf

---

cat /etc/samba/smb.conf

#
# Sample configuration file for the Samba suite for Debian GNU/Linux.
#
#
# This is the main Samba configuration file. You should read the
# smb.conf(5) manual page in order to understand the options listed
# here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options most of which 
# are not shown in this example
#
# Some options that are often worth tuning have been included as
# commented-out examples in this file.
#  - When such options are commented with ";", the proposed setting
#    differs from the default Samba behaviour
#  - When commented with "#", the proposed setting is the default
#    behaviour of Samba but the option is considered important
#    enough to be mentioned here
#
# NOTE: Whenever you modify this file you should run the command
# "testparm" to check that you have not made any basic syntactic 
# errors. 

#======================= Global Settings =======================

[global]

## Browsing/Identification ###

# Change this to the workgroup/NT-domain name your Samba server will part of
   workgroup = WORKGROUP

# server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field
   server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)

#### Networking ####

# The specific set of interfaces / networks to bind to
# This can be either the interface name or an IP address/netmask;
# interface names are normally preferred
;   interfaces = 127.0.0.0/8 eth0

# Only bind to the named interfaces and/or networks; you must use the
# 'interfaces' option above to use this.
# It is recommended that you enable this feature if your Samba machine is
# not protected by a firewall or is a firewall itself.  However, this
# option cannot handle dynamic or non-broadcast interfaces correctly.
;   bind interfaces only = yes



#### Debugging/Accounting ####

# This tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine
# that connects
   log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m

# Cap the size of the individual log files (in KiB).
   max log size = 1000

# We want Samba to only log to /var/log/samba/log.{smbd,nmbd}.
# Append syslog@1 if you want important messages to be sent to syslog too.
   logging = file

# Do something sensible when Samba crashes: mail the admin a backtrace
   panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d


####### Authentication #######

# Server role. Defines in which mode Samba will operate. Possible
# values are "standalone server", "member server", "classic primary
# domain controller", "classic backup domain controller", "active
# directory domain controller". 
#
# Most people will want "standalone server" or "member server".
# Running as "active directory domain controller" will require first
# running "samba-tool domain provision" to wipe databases and create a
# new domain.
   server role = standalone server

   obey pam restrictions = yes

# This boolean parameter controls whether Samba attempts to sync the Unix
# password with the SMB password when the encrypted SMB password in the
# passdb is changed.
   unix password sync = yes

# For Unix password sync to work on a Debian GNU/Linux system, the following
# parameters must be set (thanks to Ian Kahan <<kahan@informatik.tu-muenchen.de> for
# sending the correct chat script for the passwd program in Debian Sarge).
   passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
   passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .

# This boolean controls whether PAM will be used for password changes
# when requested by an SMB client instead of the program listed in
# 'passwd program'. The default is 'no'.
   pam password change = yes

# This option controls how unsuccessful authentication attempts are mapped
# to anonymous connections
   map to guest = bad user

########## Domains ###########

#
# The following settings only takes effect if 'server role = classic
# primary domain controller', 'server role = classic backup domain controller'
# or 'domain logons' is set 
#

# It specifies the location of the user's
# profile directory from the client point of view) The following
# required a [profiles] share to be setup on the samba server (see
# below)
;   logon path = \\%N\profiles\%U
# Another common choice is storing the profile in the user's home directory
# (this is Samba's default)
#   logon path = \\%N\%U\profile

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the location of a user's home directory (from the client
# point of view)
;   logon drive = H:
#   logon home = \\%N\%U

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the script to run during logon. The script must be stored
# in the [netlogon] share
# NOTE: Must be store in 'DOS' file format convention
;   logon script = logon.cmd

# This allows Unix users to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe.  The example command creates a user account with a disabled Unix
# password; please adapt to your needs
; add user script = /usr/sbin/adduser --quiet --disabled-password --gecos "" %u

# This allows machine accounts to be created on the domain controller via the 
# SAMR RPC pipe.  
# The following assumes a "machines" group exists on the system
; add machine script  = /usr/sbin/useradd -g machines -c "%u machine account" -d /var/lib/samba -s /bin/false %u

# This allows Unix groups to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe.  
; add group script = /usr/sbin/addgroup --force-badname %g

############ Misc ############

# Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration
# on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name
# of the machine that is connecting
;   include = /home/samba/etc/smb.conf.%m

# Some defaults for winbind (make sure you're not using the ranges
# for something else.)
;   idmap config * :              backend = tdb
;   idmap config * :              range   = 3000-7999
;   idmap config YOURDOMAINHERE : backend = tdb
;   idmap config YOURDOMAINHERE : range   = 100000-999999
;   template shell = /bin/bash

# Setup usershare options to enable non-root users to share folders
# with the net usershare command.

# Maximum number of usershare. 0 means that usershare is disabled.
#   usershare max shares = 100

# Allow users who've been granted usershare privileges to create
# public shares, not just authenticated ones
   usershare allow guests = yes

#======================= Share Definitions =======================

# Un-comment the following (and tweak the other settings below to suit)
# to enable the default home directory shares. This will share each
# user's home directory as \\server\username
;[homes]
;   comment = Home Directories
;   browseable = no

# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change the
# next parameter to 'no' if you want to be able to write to them.
;   read only = yes

# File creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create files with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
;   create mask = 0700

# Directory creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create dirs. with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
;   directory mask = 0700

# By default, \\server\username shares can be connected to by anyone
# with access to the samba server.
# Un-comment the following parameter to make sure that only "username"
# can connect to \\server\username
# This might need tweaking when using external authentication schemes
;   valid users = %S

# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
;[netlogon]
;   comment = Network Logon Service
;   path = /home/samba/netlogon
;   guest ok = yes
;   read only = yes

# Un-comment the following and create the profiles directory to store
# users profiles (see the "logon path" option above)
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
# The path below should be writable by all users so that their
# profile directory may be created the first time they log on
;[profiles]
;   comment = Users profiles
;   path = /home/samba/profiles
;   guest ok = no
;   browseable = no
;   create mask = 0600
;   directory mask = 0700

[printers]
   comment = All Printers
   browseable = no
   path = /var/spool/samba
   printable = yes
   guest ok = no
   read only = yes
   create mask = 0700

# Windows clients look for this share name as a source of downloadable
# printer drivers
[print$]
   comment = Printer Drivers
   path = /var/lib/samba/printers
   browseable = yes
   read only = yes
   guest ok = no
# Uncomment to allow remote administration of Windows print drivers.
# You may need to replace 'lpadmin' with the name of the group your
# admin users are members of.
# Please note that you also need to set appropriate Unix permissions
# to the drivers directory for these users to have write rights in it
;   write list = root, @lpadmin

---

systemctl --now enable smbd

$ systemctl --now enable smbd
Synchronizing state of smbd.service with SysV service script with /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install.
Executing: /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable smbd

Samba 설정 파일 편집

공유 디렉토리 생성

mkdir /apps/smbshare

디렉리 권한 설정

chmod 777 /apps/smbshare

smb.conf 설정 편집

vim /etc/samba/smb.conf

Samba 사용자 추가

Samba에 접근할 수 있는 사용자를 추가합니다.

samba 계정 생성(공용 계정 생성)

useradd -m -d /apps/smbshare samba_user

smbpasswd -a samba_user

password : 1234

$ smbpasswd -a samba_user
New SMB password:
Retype new SMB password:
Added user samba_user.

smb.conf 편집

vim /etc/samba/smb.conf

#======================= Share Definitions =======================

[smbshare]
   comment = Users profiles
   path = /apps/smbshare
   writable = yes
   browseable = yes
   create mask = 0775
   directory mask = 0775
   guest ok = no
   guest only = no
   valid users = samba_user

Samba 서비스 상태 확인

smbstatus

samba1

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samba client 설치

CentOS 7

$ cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)

yum install -y samba-client

$ smbclient --version         
Version 4.10.16

smbclient -L 192.168.0.51

$ smbclient -L 192.168.0.51
Enter SAMBA\root's password: 

        Sharename       Type      Comment
        ---------       ----      -------
        smbshare        Disk      Users profiles
        IPC$            IPC       IPC Service (kube-control1 server (Samba, Ubuntu))
Reconnecting with SMB1 for workgroup listing.
smbXcli_negprot_smb1_done: No compatible protocol selected by server.
protocol negotiation failed: NT_STATUS_INVALID_NETWORK_RESPONSE
Unable to connect with SMB1 -- no workgroup available

mkdir -p /mnt/samba/smbshare

mount -t cifs //192.168.0.51/smbshare /mnt/samba/smbshare -o username=guest

$ df -h | grep smbshare
//192.168.0.51/smbshare   44G  7.7G   37G  18% /mnt/samba/smbshare

samba_user 계정으로 samba 마운트

(password : 1234)

mount -v -t cifs //192.168.0.51/smbshare /mnt/samba/smbshare -o username=samba_user

$ mount -v -t cifs //192.168.0.51/smbshare /mnt/samba/smbshare -o username=samba_user
Password for samba_user@//192.168.0.51/smbshare:  ****
mount.cifs kernel mount options: ip=192.168.0.51,unc=\\192.168.0.51\smbshare,user=samba_user,pass=********

$ df -h | grep smbshare
//192.168.0.51/smbshare   44G  7.7G   37G  18% /mnt/samba/smbshare

fstab 등록

vim /etc/fstab

//192.168.0.51/smbshare /mnt/samba/smbshare     cifs    user=samba_user,password=1234     0 0

mount -av

$ mount -av
/                        : ignored
/boot                    : already mounted
swap                     : ignored
mount.cifs kernel mount options: ip=192.168.0.51,unc=\\192.168.0.51\smbshare,user=samba_user,pass=********
/mnt/samba/smbshare      : successfully mounted

$ df -h | grep smbshare
//192.168.0.51/smbshare   44G  7.7G   37G  18% /mnt/samba/smbshare

$ ls -l /mnt/samba/smbshare
total 0
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Dec 16 13:33 aa.txt

windows 11

"SMB 1.0/CIFS 파일 공유 지원" 추가 설치

windows11_1

windows11_2

windows11_3

windows11_4

windows11_5

 

참고URL

- samba 서버 구축: https://scbyun.com/438

- samba : https://www.samba.org

- Red Hat Documentation : Chapter 25. Mounting an SMB Share on Red Hat Enterprise Linux

- Inpa Dev : 삼바(SAMBA) 설치 & 설정 방법 [리눅스 ↔ 윈도우]