VMware ESXi 환경에서 리눅스 가상 머신(VM)의 하드 디스크 용량을 증설하는 방법 - CentOS

VMware ESXi 환경에서 리눅스 가상 머신(VM)의 하드 디스크 용량을 증설하는 방법 - CentOS

ESXi 관리자에서 VM 설정 열기

VMware ESXi 관리자에서 VM을 선택하고 "편집 가상 머신 설정" 또는 유사한 옵션을 선택하여 VM 설정을 엽니다.

하드 디스크 추가

VM 설정에서 "하드웨어" 탭을 선택하고 하드 디스크를 추가합니다. 새로운 하드 디스크를 추가할 때 증설할 용량을 지정합니다. 증설할 용량은 원하는 크기로 설정합니다.

물리 디스크 증설

** 데이터스토어 용량 부족 이슈로 별도의 하드 디스크 추가

• VM 하드 디스크 1(120 GB)

e1

• VM 하드 디스크 2 생성(200 GB)

e2

논리 볼륨 관리자(LVM) 구성하기

df -Th | egrep -v tmpfs

$ df -Th | egrep -v tmpfs
Filesystem            Type   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg0-lv--0 ext4    44G   37G  5.5G  87% /
/dev/sda2             ext4   974M  252M  655M  28% /boot

파티션 구성

• 디스크 및 파티션 정보 확인

fdisk -l /dev/sdb

$ fdisk -l /dev/sdb

Disk /dev/sdb: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

• /dev/sdb 파티션 생성

fdisk /dev/sdb

n > Enter > Enter > Enter > Enter > w

$ fdisk /dev/sdb

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.37.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x4086ea68.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): 

Using default response p.
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 
First sector (2048-209715199, default 2048): 
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-209715199, default 209715199): 

Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 100 GiB.

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

• 생성된 파티션 정보 확인

fdisk -l /dev/sdb

$ fdisk -l /dev/sdb

Disk /dev/sdb: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xef2581e2

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048   419430399   209714176   83  Linux

물리 볼륨(Physical Volume)

• PV(물리 볼륨) 정보 확인

pvs

$ pvs
  PV         VG     Fmt  Attr PSize    PFree
  /dev/sda2  centos lvm2 a--  <119.00g       0

 

pvdisplay

$ pvdisplay
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2
  VG Name               centos
  PV Size               <119.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              30463
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          30463
  PV UUID               WzmLIi-Ry2j-k73d-pvrA-Q9ke-5g1E-0HjHvd

• PV(물리 볼륨) 생성

pvcreate /dev/sdb1

$ pvcreate /dev/sdb1
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.

• 생성된 PV(물리 볼륨) 정보 확인

pvs

$ pvs
  PV         VG     Fmt  Attr PSize    PFree
  /dev/sda2  centos lvm2 a--  <119.00g       0
  /dev/sdb1  centos lvm2 a--  <200.00g <200.00g

 

pvdisplay

$ pvdisplay
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2
  VG Name               centos
  PV Size               <119.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              30463
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          30463
  PV UUID               WzmLIi-Ry2j-k73d-pvrA-Q9ke-5g1E-0HjHvd

  "/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "<200.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdb1
  VG Name
  PV Size               <200.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               0GxagH-TpRu-Qd3s-7t3S-KNTD-iZXD-cAFHAS

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볼륨 그룹(Volume Group)

• VG(볼륨 그룹) 정보 확인

vgs

$ vgs
  VG     #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize     VFree
  centos   1   2   0 wz--n- <119.00g    0

 

vgdisplay

$ vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               <119.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              30463
  Alloc PE / Size       30463 / <119.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0
  VG UUID               Ua9i3r-AcCb-0SjS-fjov-QbRG-HMzu-Zvs8VT

• VG(볼륨 그룹) 확장

vgextend centos /dev/sdb1

$ vgextend centos /dev/sdb1
  Volume group "centos" successfully extended

• 확장된 VG(볼륨 그룹) 정보 확인

vgs

$ vgs
  VG     #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize   VFree
  centos   2   2   0 wz--n- 318.99g <200.00g

 

vgdisplay

$ vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  4
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               318.99 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              81662
  Alloc PE / Size       30463 / <119.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       51199 / <200.00 GiB
  VG UUID               Ua9i3r-AcCb-0SjS-fjov-QbRG-HMzu-Zvs8VT

논리 볼륨(Logical Volume)

• LV(논리 볼륨) 정보 확인

lvs

$ lvs
  LV   VG     Attr       LSize    Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  root centos -wi-ao---- <111.00g
  swap centos -wi-ao----    8.00g

 

lvdisplay

$ lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/swap
  LV Name                swap
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                Lysew0-r4td-ZDfH-U3CW-dvC9-I20P-vZuhnt
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time serv-203, 2022-03-03 11:36:18 +0900
  LV Status              available
  # open                 2
  LV Size                8.00 GiB
  Current LE             2048
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:1

  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                diFdl0-h8bc-NI3A-LBqM-oRw6-fzkf-IBp59G
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time serv-203, 2022-03-03 11:36:18 +0900
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                <111.00 GiB
  Current LE             28415
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:0

• 기존 LV(논리 볼륨) 확장

lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/centos/root

$ lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/centos/root
  Size of logical volume centos/root changed from <111.00 GiB (28415 extents) to 310.99 GiB (79614 extents).
  Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.

• 확장된 LV(논리 볼륨) 정보 확인

$ lvs
  LV   VG     Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  root centos -wi-ao---- 310.99g
  swap centos -wi-ao----   8.00g

$ lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/swap
  LV Name                swap
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                Lysew0-r4td-ZDfH-U3CW-dvC9-I20P-vZuhnt
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time serv-203, 2022-03-03 11:36:18 +0900
  LV Status              available
  # open                 2
  LV Size                8.00 GiB
  Current LE             2048
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:1

  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                diFdl0-h8bc-NI3A-LBqM-oRw6-fzkf-IBp59G
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time serv-203, 2022-03-03 11:36:18 +0900
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                310.99 GiB
  Current LE             79614
  Segments               2
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:0

파일시스템(Filesystem)

• 스토리지 디바이스 정보 확인

lsblk

$ lsblk
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda               8:0    0  120G  0 disk
├─sda1            8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─sda2            8:2    0  119G  0 part
  ├─centos-root 253:0    0  311G  0 lvm  /
  └─centos-swap 253:1    0    8G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
sdb               8:16   0  200G  0 disk
└─sdb1            8:17   0  200G  0 part
  └─centos-root 253:0    0  311G  0 lvm  /
sr0              11:0    1 1024M  0 rom

-f 옵션으로 파일시스템 정보 확인

lsblk -f

$ lsblk -f
NAME            FSTYPE      LABEL UUID                                   MOUNTPOINT
sda
├─sda1          xfs               efca6237-2489-42a9-b4d2-f09d324e3512   /boot
└─sda2          LVM2_member       WzmLIi-Ry2j-k73d-pvrA-Q9ke-5g1E-0HjHvd
  ├─centos-root xfs               6ed0780f-08ef-40b7-9025-b0506926e0ce   /
  └─centos-swap swap              09510e97-1235-4d5d-a908-5d7a68729438   [SWAP]
sdb
└─sdb1          LVM2_member       0GxagH-TpRu-Qd3s-7t3S-KNTD-iZXD-cAFHAS
  └─centos-root xfs               6ed0780f-08ef-40b7-9025-b0506926e0ce   /
sr0

• 파일시스템 용량 확인

df -Th | egrep -v tmpfs

$ df -Th | egrep -v tmpfs
Filesystem              Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs       111G   65G   47G  59% /
/dev/sda1               xfs      1014M  171M  844M  17% /boot

• 파일시스템 확장

xfs_growfs -d /

$ xfs_growfs -d /
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=7274240 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=29096960, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=14207, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 29096960 to 81524736

• 확장된 파일시스템 용량 확인

$ df -Th | egrep -v tmpfs
Filesystem              Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs       311G   65G  247G  21% /
/dev/sda1               xfs      1014M  171M  844M  17% /boot