우분투에서 Ghost 블로그를 설치하는 방법

우분투에서 Ghost 블로그를 설치하는 방법

Ghost는 Node.js로 작성된 오픈 소스 블로그 플랫폼입니다. Nginx 및 MySQL과 함께 Ghost를 설치합니다.

전제 조건

공식적으로 권장되는 프로덕션 설치에는 다음 스택이 필요합니다.

• Ubuntu 20.04 또는 Ubuntu 22.04
• NGINX (SSL을 위한 최소 1.9.5)
• 지원되는 Node.js 버전
• MySQL 8
• Systemd
• 적어도 1GB 메모리가 있는 서버
• 등록된 도메인 이름

테스트 환경

• 운영체제 버전 정보

$ lsb_release -d
Description:    Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS

1. Nginx 설치 및 설정

sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/conf.d /etc/nginx/sites-available

sudo ln -sf /etc/nginx/sites-available /etc/nginx/sites-enabled

2. MySQL 설치 및 설정

mysql -uroot

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH 'caching_sha2_password' BY 'new_password';

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

Ghost 데이터베이스 생성

CREATE DATABASE ghostdb;

CREATE USER 'ghostuser'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY 'ghost_password';

---

ALTER USER 'ghostuser'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY 'new_ghost_password';

---

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON ghostdb.* TO 'ghostuser'@'127.0.0.1';

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

SHOW GRANTS FOR 'ghostuser'@'127.0.0.1';

mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR 'ghostuser'@'127.0.0.1';
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for ghostuser@127.0.0.1                                 |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO `ghostuser`@`127.0.0.1`                  |
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `ghostdb`.* TO `ghostuser`@`127.0.0.1` |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3. Node.js 설치

Ghost는 Node.js로 작동하므로 Node.js를 설치합니다. Node.js를 설치하려면 curl 명령어를 사용합니다.

Nodesource GPG 키 다운로드 및 가져오기

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install -y ca-certificates curl gnupg

sudo mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings

curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/gpgkey/nodesource-repo.gpg.key | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg

deb 리포지토리 만들기

NODE_MAJOR=18

echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg] https://deb.nodesource.com/node_$NODE_MAJOR.x nodistro main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list

$ echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg] https://deb.nodesource.com/node_$NODE_MAJOR.x nodistro main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nodesource.list
deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/nodesource.gpg] https://deb.nodesource.com/node_18.x nodistro main

업데이트 및 설치 실행

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install -y nodejs

npm 및 nodejs 버전 정보 확인

$ npm --version
9.8.1

$ nodejs --version
v18.18.2

Ghost 사용자 생성

sudo adduser ghostuser

sudo usermod -aG sudo ghostuser

sudo echo 'ghostuser ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL' >> /etc/sudoers

su - ghostuser

Ghost-CLI 설치

sudo npm install ghost-cli@latest -g

$ sudo npm install ghost-cli@latest -g

added 599 packages in 57s

156 packages are looking for funding
  run `npm fund` for details
npm notice 
npm notice New major version of npm available! 9.8.1 -> 10.2.3
npm notice Changelog: https://github.com/npm/cli/releases/tag/v10.2.3
npm notice Run npm install -g npm@10.2.3 to update!
npm notice

$ which ghost
/usr/bin/ghost

$ ghost --version

Love open source? We’re hiring JavaScript Engineers to work on Ghost full-time.
https://careers.ghost.org


Ghost-CLI version: 1.25.3

Ghost 사용법

---

$ ghost help
ghost [command]

Commands:
  ghost backup                 Backup content & files
  ghost buster                 Who ya gonna call? (Runs `yarn cache clean`)
  ghost check-update           Check if an update is available for a Ghost installation
  ghost config [key] [value]   View or edit Ghost configuration
  ghost doctor [categories..]  Check the system for any potential hiccups when installing/updating Ghost
  ghost export file            Export content from a blog
  ghost import [file]          Import a Ghost export
  ghost install [version]      Install a brand new instance of Ghost
  ghost log [name]             View the logs of a Ghost instance
  ghost ls                     View running ghost processes
  ghost migrate                Run system migrations on a Ghost instance
  ghost restart                Restart the Ghost instance
  ghost run                    Run a Ghost instance directly (used by process managers and for debugging)
  ghost setup [stages..]       Setup an installation of Ghost (after it is installed)
  ghost start [name]           Start an instance of Ghost
  ghost stop [name]            Stops an instance of Ghost
  ghost uninstall              Remove a Ghost instance and any related configuration files
  ghost update [version]       Update a Ghost instance
  ghost version                Prints out Ghost-CLI version (and Ghost version if one exists)

Global Options:
      --help         Show help                                                                                            [boolean]
  -d, --dir          Folder to run command in
  -D, --development  Run in development mode                                                                              [boolean]
  -V, --verbose      Enable verbose output                                                                                [boolean]
      --prompt       [--no-prompt] Allow/Disallow UI prompting                                            [boolean] [default: true]
      --color        [--no-color] Allow/Disallow colorful logging                                         [boolean] [default: true]
      --auto         Automatically run as much as possible                                               [boolean] [default: false]

For more information, see our docs at https://ghost.org/docs/ghost-cli/

---

Ghost 디렉토리 생성

sudo mkdir -pv /var/www/ghost

sudo chown ghostuser.ghostuser /var/www/ghost

sudo chmod 755 /var/www/ghost

Ghost 설치

cd /var/www/ghost

ghost install

• Enter your blog URL: http://ghost.sangchul.kr
• Enter your MySQL hostname: localhost
• Enter your MySQL username: ghostuser
• Enter your MySQL password: [hidden]
• Enter your Ghost database name: ghost_prod

$ ghost install
...
✔ Checking system Node.js version - found v18.18.2
✔ Checking current folder permissions
✔ Checking memory availability
✔ Checking free space
✔ Checking for latest Ghost version
✔ Setting up install directory
 Downloading and installing Ghost v5.72.0
✔ Finishing install process
? Enter your blog URL: http://ghost.sangchul.kr
? Enter your MySQL hostname: localhost
? Enter your MySQL username: ghostuser
? Enter your MySQL password: [hidden]
? Enter your Ghost database name: ghost_prod
...
Ghost uses direct mail by default. To set up an alternative email method read our docs at https://ghost.org/docs/config/#mail

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Ghost was installed successfully! To complete setup of your publication, visit:

    http://localhost:2368/ghost/

http://localhost:2368/ghost/

Ghost 환경 설정 파일(config.production.json)

vim config.production.json

{
  "url": "http://ghost.sangchul.kr",
  "server": {
    "port": 2368,
    "host": "127.0.0.1"
  },
  "database": {
    "client": "mysql",
    "connection": {
      "host": "localhost",
      "user": "ghostuser",
      "password": "[hidden]",
      "database": "ghostdb"
    }
  },
  "mail": {
    "transport": "Direct"
  },
  "logging": {
    "transports": [
      "file",
      "stdout"
    ]
  },
  "process": "systemd",
  "paths": {
    "contentPath": "/var/www/ghost/content"
  }
}

 

Ghost 실행

ghost start

$ ghost start

Love open source? We’re hiring JavaScript Engineers to work on Ghost full-time.
https://careers.ghost.org


+ sudo systemctl is-active ghost_ghost-scbyun-com
+ sudo systemctl reset-failed ghost_ghost-scbyun-com
Using https on all URLs is highly recommended. In production, SSL is required when using Stripe.
Support for non-https admin URLs in production mode is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.
✔ Checking system Node.js version - found v18.18.2
✔ Ensuring user is not logged in as ghost user
✔ Checking if logged in user is directory owner
✔ Checking current folder permissions
+ sudo systemctl is-active ghost_ghost-scbyun-com
✔ Validating config
✔ Checking folder permissions
✔ Checking file permissions
✔ Checking content folder ownership
✔ Checking memory availability
✔ Checking binary dependencies
✔ Checking systemd unit file
✔ Checking systemd node version - found v18.18.2
+ sudo systemctl start ghost_ghost-scbyun-com
+ sudo systemctl is-enabled ghost_ghost-scbyun-com
+ sudo systemctl enable ghost_ghost-scbyun-com --quiet
✔ Starting Ghost: ghost-scbyun-com

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Your admin interface is located at:

    http://ghost.sangchul.kr/ghost/

Ghost 서비스 재실행

sudo systemctl restart ghost_ghost-scbyun-com

systemctl status ghost_ghost-scbyun-com

Let's Encrypt SSL

Certbot 클라이언트 설치

sudo apt-get install -y certbot python3-certbot-nginx

Let's Encrypt SSL 인증서를 사용하도록 Nginx를 구성

sudo certbot --nginx -d ghost.sangchul.kr

$ sudo certbot --nginx -d ghost.sangchul.kr
Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
Enter email address (used for urgent renewal and security notices)
 (Enter 'c' to cancel): postfix@gmail.com

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Please read the Terms of Service at
https://letsencrypt.org/documents/LE-SA-v1.3-September-21-2022.pdf. You must
agree in order to register with the ACME server. Do you agree?
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(Y)es/(N)o: Y

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Would you be willing, once your first certificate is successfully issued, to
share your email address with the Electronic Frontier Foundation, a founding
partner of the Let's Encrypt project and the non-profit organization that
develops Certbot? We'd like to send you email about our work encrypting the web,
EFF news, campaigns, and ways to support digital freedom.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(Y)es/(N)o: y
Account registered.
Requesting a certificate for ghost.sangchul.kr

Successfully received certificate.
Certificate is saved at: /etc/letsencrypt/live/ghost.sangchul.kr/fullchain.pem
Key is saved at:         /etc/letsencrypt/live/ghost.sangchul.kr/privkey.pem
This certificate expires on 2024-02-02.
These files will be updated when the certificate renews.
Certbot has set up a scheduled task to automatically renew this certificate in the background.

Deploying certificate
Successfully deployed certificate for ghost.sangchul.kr to /etc/nginx/conf.d/ghost.sangchul.kr.conf
Congratulations! You have successfully enabled HTTPS on https://ghost.sangchul.kr

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:
 * Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt:   https://letsencrypt.org/donate
 * Donating to EFF:                    https://eff.org/donate-le
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Nginx 구성

cat <<'EOF' > /etc/nginx/conf.d/ghost.sangchul.kr.conf
### nginx ghost.sangchul.kr.conf
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name ghost.sangchul.kr;
    root /var/www/ghost;
    index index.html index.htm;

    access_log /var/log/nginx/ghost.sangchul.kr-access.log main;

    #error_page 404 /404.html;

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:2368; # Ghost 내부 서버 주소 및 포트
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    }

    location ~ /.well-known {
        allow all;
    }

    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root concurs with nginx's one
    #location ~ /\.ht {
    #    deny  all;
    #}

}
EOF

Ghost1

Ghost2

 

 

참고URL

- Ghost Developer docs : How to install Ghost on Ubuntu

- Ghost Developer docs : Ghost CLI